Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting

The Impact of Consumer Confidence on Buying Behavior in Türkiye: A Time-Series Analysis

2026-05-30T08:16:25+00:00

Consumer confidence influences household spending behavior and may affect the growth of online and distance retail activity in Türkiye. This study examines the short-run and long-run relationship between the Consumer Confidence Index and retail sales via mail orders and internet using monthly TurkStat data.This study examines the relationship between consumer confidence and online and distance retail activity in Türkiye using monthly secondary data from the Turkish Statistical Institute for the period 2012–2022. The analysis focuses on the Consumer Confidence Index and the Retail Sales Volume Index via Mail Orders and Internet. A quantitative time-series approach was applied, including stationarity tests, short-run Ordinary Least Squares models based on transformed stationary variables, and an additional level-based Autoregressive Distributed Lag (1,1)-style long-run check. The short-run results did not indicate a statistically significant relationship between monthly changes in consumer confidence and changes in online and distance retail sales, either contemporaneously or with a one-month lag. The long-run check suggested possible evidence of a longer-term association; however, this result was interpreted cautiously due to diagnostic limitations and the bivariate structure of the model. The findings suggest that consumer confidence may not immediately predict online and distance retail activity in Türkiye, but it may still serve as a broader contextual indicator for understanding longer-term changes in consumer demand. The study contributes by focusing specifically on online and distance retail rather than aggregate retail trade.

The Predictive Power of Monthly Interest Rate Differential (IRD) Changes on USD/PHP Exchange Rate Movements (2014–2024)

2026-05-26T11:39:53+00:00

Background: Fluctuations in the USD/PHP exchange rate influence investment decisions, trade competitiveness, and financial market stability in the Philippines. Understanding how Interest Rate Differentials (IRD) affect these exchange rate movements, including possible delayed effects, is therefore important for investors, businesses, and policymakers managing foreign currency exposure.

Aims: This study examines the predictive power of monthly changes in the Interest Rate Differential (IRD) between the Philippines and the United States on USD/PHP exchange rate movements from 2014 to 2024.

Study Design: Quantitative, correlational, and regression-based research using monthly data.

Place and Duration of Study: Philippines and United States, January 2014 to December 2024.

Methodology: Monthly data on Philippine and U.S. interest rates and the USD/PHP exchange rate were analyzed using Pearson correlation and simple linear regression across seven lag structures (0–6 months). Forecast accuracy was evaluated using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE).

Results: Changes in the IRD showed a statistically significant but weak relationship with USD/PHP movements only at the four-month lag (B = −1.211, P = .003, R² = .069). All other lag structures were not significant. The four-month lag model yielded the lowest forecast errors (MAE = .549; RMSE = .762).

Conclusion: IRD has a delayed but weak predictive effect on USD/PHP exchange rate movements, with the four-month lag producing the strongest and only statistically significant result. IRD should be treated as a supplementary indicator rather than a standalone forecasting tool.

What Drives the Final Click? Social Influence, Communication and Argument Quality in Buying Intention

2026-05-27T10:42:41+00:00

Previous studies have examined the impact of social media influencers and electronic communication on consumer buying intention. However, limited research has explored the mediating role of consumer attitude in the relationship between social influence, electronic communication, argument quality, and buying intention, particularly in semi-urban areas where consumer exposure to digital information and engagement with social media platforms differ considerably from those observed in urban populations. Understanding these relationships is essential for developing more effective digital marketing strategies tailored to the behavioural characteristics and informational environments of semi-urban consumers. Intention through Consumer Attitude.consumer buying intention within a semi-urban environment where information access and digital literacy may vary which leads to this study. The data were collected from 246 respondents of Gorakhpur and Kushinagar using a structured questionnaire and convenience sampling method. The mediation analyses further demonstrated that Consumer Attitude moderately mediated the relationship between social influence, communication, argument quality, and Buying intention. These findings suggests that social and informational factors influence buying intention both directly and indirectly through the formation of positive consumer attitudes. The findings suggest that organisation and marketers should attention on strengthening social influence strategies improving communication effectiveness, and delivering high quality and persuasive information to develop favourable consumer attitudes and increase purchase intentions. The study also highlights the growing importance of social modern consumer behaviour within digital environments. The findings suggest that organisations and marketers should focus on strengthening social influence strategies, enhancing communication effectiveness, and delivering high-quality and persuasive information in order to foster favourable consumer attitudes and increase purchase intentions. The study also highlights the growing significance of social influence in shaping modern consumer behaviour within digital commerce environments. These insights may assist businesses in designing more targeted and effective marketing strategies to improve consumer engagement and purchasing outcomes in increasingly digitalised markets.

Role of Implementation of Internship Program of Bachelor of Science in Office Administration and Performance of Students in the Industry Partner

2026-05-27T12:28:40+00:00

Internship provides students an avenue to acquire practical experienced in a professional work setting as embedded in their academic program. Internship program enhances students’ skills and competencies through training and development thus, bridging the gap between the academic environment and the industry or professional development. The study aimed to determine the relationship between implementation of internship program and performance of students. The researchers used the descriptive-correlation method and universal sampling in determining the 152 On the Job Training Student in Bachelor of Science in Office Administration and the statistical tools were Mean and Pearson-r. Data revealed that the r-value of 0.790 is and has a significant p-value of 0.000 which is less than the alpha of 0.05. This means that the result indicated that there is a significant relationship between implementation of internship program and performance of students. It implies that the implementation of internship program in terms of training objective, nature of exposure and evaluation tool has an impact in the performance of student. In other words, implementation of internship program could affect performance of students among student in Bachelor of Science in Office Administration in Santo Tomas, College, Agriculture, Sciences and Technology.

A Quantitative Assessment of the Influence of Brand Equity on Customer Retention in the Medical Aid Industry: Empirical Evidence from Premier Service Medical Aid Society in Zimbabwe

2026-05-27T12:40:51+00:00

Brand equity is a critical intangible asset influencing customer retention in service industries, particularly healthcare financing where trust and perceived quality shape consumer decisions. In Zimbabwe’s medical aid sector, organisations such as Premier Service Medical Aid Society (PSMAS) face declining membership amid economic volatility and service delivery challenges, necessitating examination of brand equity effects on retention. This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design using structured questionnaires administered to 200 stakeholders of PSMAS in Harare. Data were analysed using SPSS with descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression to determine relationships between brand equity dimensions and customer retention. The findings revealed that brand equity significantly influences customer retention (β=0.58, p<0.01), explaining 64% of variance. Brand loyalty and perceived quality emerged as the strongest predictors of retention, while brand awareness and associations showed moderate effects. Additionally, trust partially mediated the relationship between brand equity and retention, reinforcing its psychological importance in service loyalty. Service delivery inefficiencies negatively affected perceived quality and increased switching intentions among respondents. Overall, the model demonstrated robust explanatory power and confirmed the relevance of brand equity theory in emerging healthcare markets such as Zimbabwe, where institutional trust remains fragile and customer retention is highly sensitive to service performance and economic conditions. Policy and managerial interventions are therefore essential for sustainable retention outcomes. These results confirm that strengthening brand equity enhances retention by reducing perceived risk and improving relational trust in healthcare financing contexts. The study recommends prioritising service quality improvements and trust-based communication strategies to sustain customer loyalty in Zimbabwe’s medical aid industry. Future research should adopt longitudinal designs to validate causal relationships over time.

Asymmetric Impact of Oil Price Shocks on Food Inflation in Nigeria: A Nonlinear ARDL Approach

2026-05-28T10:49:08+00:00

Oil price movements are a major source of macroeconomic instability in oil-dependent economies because they affect production costs, exchange rates and domestic prices. In Nigeria, where food accounts for a large share of household spending, understanding how oil price shocks influence food inflation is important for policy design. This study examines the asymmetric effects of oil price shocks on food inflation in Nigeria using a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model. Monthly data from January 2006 to November 2025 were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria and related commodity databases. Food inflation is measured as the year-on-year percentage change, while crude oil price and exchange rate capture external transmission channels. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test shows that all variables are integrated of order one, meeting the conditions for NARDL estimation. The results indicate that oil price shocks have no statistically significant direct effect on food inflation in either the short or long run. However, exchange rate movements are marginally significant at the 10 percent level, suggesting a stronger role in transmitting external shocks to domestic food prices. The bounds test confirms a long-run relationship among the variables, with an F-statistic of 9.2722, above the 1 percent upper bound critical value. The Wald test also confirms significant asymmetry in both the short run (8.9241, p = 0.0115) and long run (7880.3270, p = 0.0000). Diagnostic tests show parameter stability, though residual heteroskedasticity exists. The findings suggest that exchange rate dynamics are more important than direct oil price transmission in explaining food inflation in Nigeria. The study recommends policies that promote exchange rate stability, reduce import dependence and strengthen domestic supply chains.

Instant Gratification as a Mediator between Digital Payment Use and Overspending among College Students

2026-05-29T10:05:46+00:00

In India, the rapid expansion of Unified Payments Interface (UPI), mobile wallets, and card-based transactions has enabled seamless and instantaneous financial exchanges. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence examining whether digital payment usage directly leads to overspending, or whether this relationship is mediated by behavioural traits such as instant gratification. This study examines the mediating role of instant gratification in the relationship between digital payment usage and overspending behaviour among college students. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was employed using primary data collected from 231 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Correlation, regression, and bootstrapped mediation analyses were conducted. The results indicate that digital payment usage significantly predicts instant gratification and overspending behaviour. However, the direct effect becomes insignificant when instant gratification is introduced, indicating full mediation. These findings suggest that behavioural tendencies toward immediate consumption, rather than technological factors alone, drive overspending in digital payment environments. Future research should improve generalisability by using probability-based sampling and comparing different demographic groups, such as working professionals and older consumers. Longitudinal studies are recommended to examine the long-term effects of digital payment usage on instant gratification and overspending. Incorporating control variables such as income, gender, and financial independence can further enhance the reliability and robustness of future studies.

Psychological Beliefs (Subjective Knowledge, Financial Attitude, Locus of Control) and Financial Well-being among Working Adults in Ghana: The Mediating Role of Financial Behaviour

2026-05-29T10:57:36+00:00

Purpose: The financial well-being (FWB) of working Ghanaians is explored in this study, examining the complex interplay between their thoughts on money, their financial actions, and their overall financial health. The study focused on three key areas of their psychological beliefs: Subjective Financial Knowledge (SFK), Financial Attitude (FA) and Locus of Control (LOC). Researchers looked at how these beliefs might influence financial behavior (FB), acting as a bridge between them and overall FWB.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 444 working adults through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were computed using SPSS version 27, and the structural model was tested through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in Smart PLS 4.0 to assess the hypothesised relationships and control variables.

Findings: The results showed that SFK has a positive and significant influence on both FWB (β = 0.154, p < 0.05) and FB (β = 0.447, p < 0.001), supporting H1a and H1b. The findings further showed FA having an affirmative correlation on both FWB (β = 0.300, p < 0.001) and FA (β = 0.252, p < 0.001) backing H2a and H2b. However, LOC yielded insignificant positive correlations on FWB (β = 0.090, t = 1.587, p = 0.113) and FB (β = 0.100, t = 1.526, p > 0.05, p = 0.127), leading to the rejection of both H3a and H3b. H4 was accepted by the findings (β = 0.332, p < 0.001) which shows FB been a strong predictor of FWB. The finding also established that FB significantly mediates the relationships between SFK and FWB (β = 0.148, p<0.001) and between FA and FWB (β = 0.084, p<0.001) supporting H5a and H5b. On the contrary, findings of the study suggested that FB does not play a significant role in mediating the relationship between LOC and FWB (β = 0.033, p=0.134) leading to the rejection of H5c. Control variables showed no significant influence on FWB.

Practical Implications: These results emphasize the role of financial literacy and fostering a positive mindset about money in promoting financial security for Ghanaian Working Adults. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers, financial professionals, and academics, filling a gap in our understanding of how psychological factors interact with financial practices to influence overall FWB. By recognizing how people's beliefs about money affect their FWB and overall well-being, stakeholders can design better interventions that promote positive financial literacy and attitude. This can ultimately lead to a more financially secure and resilient working population in Ghana.

Conclusion: This study sheds light on the intricate relationships between PB and FWB among working adults in Ghana, with a particular focus on the mediating role of FB. Research on financial capability has been heavily concentrated in developed economies, yet this work situates the framework within Ghana’s socio-economic realities, where income variability, limited access to financial services, and cultural norms around money management shape financial decision-making. Thus, by contextualizing financial literacy and behavior within these constraints, the study offers a nuanced understanding of how financial capability operates in lower-middle-income settings.

The Relationship between Remittance Inflows and Economic Performance in Nigeria

2026-06-01T11:39:57+00:00

The nexus between remittance and economic performance is increasingly visible in economic research, with literature pointing to remittance as a significant driver of economic performance. Remittances often represent a stable source of foreign exchange at the macroeconomic level, which strengthens the balance of payments. The study lends empirical support to this nexus. Having observed the data properties, that some of the data series are stationary while some are non-stationary at levels, the Autoregressive Distributed Model (ARDL) was used in the analysis. The short-run dynamic result shows that remittance inflows increase economic performance, with the impact of remittance inflows enhancing the country's exchange rate. The result also indicates that a higher interest rate dampened economic performance. The study subsequently recommended that remittance recipients investing in capital goods such as machinery should be given a pair of low-interest rates with a subsidised loan. Governments should also integrate a remittance-capital exchange framework through the creation of national funds that pool remittance and capital formation savings together, managed under low-interest regimes hedged against exchange rate volatility. Exchange rate stabilisation backed by remittance reserves to maintain a competitive real exchange rate should be implemented and sustained.

A Comparative Analysis of Returns from Direct Equity and Large-Cap Mutual Fund Investments in India: Evidence from 2020–2025

2026-06-02T10:36:29+00:00

India’s growing financial awareness and digital platforms have increased interest in direct equity and mutual funds. Direct equity offers high returns with high risk, while mutual funds provide diversified and safer investments. This study examines the comparative performance of direct equity and selected large-cap mutual fund investments in India during the period 2020–2025. The NIFTY 50 was used as a proxy for direct equity investment, while SBI Large Cap Direct Plan Growth, HDFC Large Cap Direct Fund, and ICICI Prudential Large Cap Fund Direct Plan Growth represented mutual fund investments. The study is based on secondary data collected from the National Stock Exchange (NSE), Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI), and Investing.com India using monthly return data. A quantitative and comparative research design was adopted, and descriptive statistics, One-Way ANOVA, and Sharpe Ratio analysis were applied using Microsoft Excel to evaluate return, risk, and risk-adjusted performance.

The findings indicate that ICICI Prudential Large Cap Fund Direct Plan Growth generated the highest average monthly return (1.50%), followed by SBI Large Cap Direct Plan Growth and HDFC Large Cap Direct Fund (1.40%), while the NIFTY 50 recorded an average monthly return of 1.20%. The standard deviation values remained close to 5% for all investment avenues, indicating similar levels of volatility. The ANOVA results (F = 0.0451, p = 0.9873 > 0.05) reveal that the differences in mean returns are not statistically significant. The Sharpe Ratio analysis further indicates that ICICI Prudential Large Cap Fund recorded the highest Sharpe Ratio (0.22), followed by SBI Large Cap Fund (0.20), HDFC Large Cap Fund (0.19), and the NIFTY 50 (0.15), suggesting comparatively better risk-adjusted performance of mutual funds over direct equity investment.

The study concludes that although direct equity and large-cap mutual funds delivered broadly similar performance during the study period, professionally managed mutual funds provided relatively more stable and efficient risk-adjusted returns. Therefore, investment decisions should depend on investors’ risk tolerance, financial objectives, and investment horizon.

Digital Financial Transformation in India: The Role of Fintech Innovation and Remittance Dynamics

2026-06-03T10:23:27+00:00

Digital finance has transformed global banking by making payments faster, cheaper, and more accessible, with India rapidly shifting to digital transactions through UPI and fintech growth. The present study investigates the impact of digital payment systems and fintech innovations on remittances inflows and financial transformation in India during 2011-2025. It also analyzes the relationship between digital payments, remittance inflows, internet penetration, foreign institutional investment (FII), and GDP growth in the context of India’s evolving digital financial ecosystem. The study is based on secondary time-series data gathered from sources such as Reserve Bank of India (RBI), National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) and the World Bank. Trend analysis, compound growth rate, correlation analysis, and multiple regression techniques have been used to examine the nature and extent of these relationships. The findings indicate a significant increase in digital payment transactions and remittance inflows during the study period, mainly due to the expansion of Unified Payments Interface (UPI), increasing internet access, mobile banking adoption, fintech innovations, and government initiatives promoting digital finance and financial inclusion. Correlation analysis reveals a strong positive relationship among digital payments, remittance inflows, and financial inclusion. Regression results show that GDP growth and remittance inflows have a significant positive impact on financial transformation, whereas digital payments exhibit a statistically significant negative association with the dependent variable. Internet penetration and FII were found to be statistically insignificant. The study concludes that digital financial systems have improved the efficiency, accessibility, and transparency of remittance services in India. However, challenges such as digital inequality, cybersecurity risks, and uneven technological access continue to affect the sustainability and effectiveness of India’s digital financial transformation.

Barriers and Enablers Affecting Women Entrepreneurs in Rwanda: Evidence from Women Avocado Exporters in Kigali City

2026-06-04T10:14:45+00:00

Women-owned businesses have a crucial influence on economic development and export-based development. Women's participation in high-value agriculture and avocado exports is very low in Rwanda compared to other economic and social areas. It is largely affected by structural and socio-economic challenges. The present research is a response to the scarcity of empirical research dealing particularly with the obstacles and facilitators faced by women avocado exporters in Kigali City. It was conducted through a case study design and a mixed-method design, focusing more on quantitative and qualitative research. Data was collected through interviews and a questionnaire method for the purpose of actual research and was analyzed through a combination of quantitative data analysis procedures and inferential statistics using SPSS testing and data programming. The findings reveal access to finance, skill levels, discrimination and social perspective. The study focused on Barriers and Enablers affecting Women Entrepreneurs in Rwanda: Evidence from Women Avocado Exporters in Kigali City, Rwanda. From the findings, it is evident that the main challenges women entrepreneurs often face are difficulties in securing loans or credit due to a lack of collateral, credit history and financial literacy. Additionally, poor access to training on export procedures, quality standards, packaging, and marketing can be a significant constraint to growth and competitiveness. These findings give evidence-based recommendations on ways to revise legal and policy frameworks to ensure women’s equal access to land, finance, and productive resources; improve access to tailored and inclusive financial products; and expand capacity building through technical, managerial, and leadership training as a solution. The future generation should learn that business environments are shaped by local economic, cultural, and policy contexts. Therefore, solutions should be tailored to specific regions rather than copied unthinkingly from elsewhere.

Analysis of the Effect of Exports, Imports and Exchange Rates on Foreign Exchange Reserves in Indonesia

2026-06-04T11:46:37+00:00

Foreign exchange reserves support economic stability and international trade, increasing with exports and decreasing with imports, and should ideally cover at least three months of imports. This study aims to analyze the short-run and long-run dynamic effects of exports, imports, and exchange rates on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves. Utilizing monthly time-series data spanning a decade from January 2015 to December 2025 (2015M1–2025M12) sourced from Bank Indonesia and the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the analytical framework was executed within a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) setup. The Johansen cointegration test confirms the existence of stable long-term equilibrium relationships among all investigated variables. The empirical findings from the Impulse Response Function (IRF) and Variance Decomposition (VD) demonstrate that foreign exchange reserves exhibit profound long-run endogeneity and structural autonomy, explaining up to 99.40% of their own forecast error variance by period 20. Conversely, external trade and exchange rate shocks predominantly operate in the short run before rapidly decaying. Import shocks impose an immediate liquidity drain, reaching -171 standard deviations, while exchange rate appreciation induces a negative asset-valuation effect. Furthermore, reserve shocks trigger a negative feedback loop in exports (-49 standard deviations) These results carry vital policy implications, suggesting that Bank Indonesia shouldinstitutionalize advanced sterilization frameworks, transition toward rule-based dynamic targeting, and actively promote Local Currency Settlement (LCS) to shield national buffers from external trade and currency volatilities.

Organizational Capability and Firm Innovation under Market Competition in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Ghana

2026-06-04T11:52:42+00:00

Innovation has become a critical determinant of firm survival and competitiveness amid intensifying competition in both domestic and international markets. This study examines the effects of organizational capabilities and market competitive pressure on firm-level innovation in Ghana. Using firm-level data from the 2023 World Bank Enterprise Survey for Ghana, the initial dataset comprised 713 firms; however, after data management, the final usable sample was reduced to 694 firms. The study employs Ordered Probit, Ordered Logit, and Generalized Ordered Logit models, with the Ordered Probit model serving as the baseline specification. The empirical results reveal that organizational capabilities and market competitive pressure significantly and positively influence firms’ likelihood of achieving higher levels of innovation. The findings further indicate that firm size, firm age, and export participation positively affect innovation outcomes. The study contributes to the literature by jointly examining organizational capabilities and market competitive pressure as determinants of firm innovation in Ghana while employing multiple ordered response models to ensure robustness of the empirical evidence. Overall, the study concludes that strengthening organizational capabilities and fostering competitive market conditions are essential for enhancing firm-level innovation in emerging economies such as Ghana. The findings provide important implications for managers and policymakers in Ghana, underscoring the need for firms to strengthen internal capabilities, while government agencies foster competitive markets and promote export participation to enhance firm-level innovation outcomes. This study contributes to emerging market literature by providing evidence from Ghana on the joint effects of organizational capabilities and market competitive pressure on firm innovation.

Effect of Integrated Planning and Budgeting Practices on Service Delivery Efficiency in Selected MDAs in Ekiti State: Moderating Role of Internal Control System

2026-06-04T12:27:56+00:00

Persistent inefficiencies in service delivery, manifested as delays, cost overruns, and low citizen satisfaction, continue to affect Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) in Nigeria, despite reforms aimed at integrating planning and budgeting. Prior studies have rarely examined the joint effect of integrated planning and budgeting practices and internal control systems (ICS), particularly at the sub-national level. This study addressed this gap by empirically analysing the direct and moderating effects of integrated planning and budgeting practices on service delivery efficiency in 22 selected ministries in Ekiti State. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 190 staff members directly involved in planning, budgeting, finance, and internal audit units. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results showed that all three dimensions of integrated planning and budgeting strategic planning integration (β = 0.258, p < 0.001), budget participation (β = 0.182, p = 0.002), and monitoring and evaluation systems (β = 0.144, p = 0.005) had significant positive effects on service delivery efficiency. Internal control systems had a significant direct effect (β = 0.202, p = 0.001) and strengthened the impact of integrated planning and budgeting practices through a significant moderating effect (interaction β = 0.137, p = 0.012). The regression model explained 51.3% of the variance in service delivery efficiency (adjusted R² = 0.50), with all diagnostic metrics indicating a robust analysis (Durbin-Watson = 1.712; VIF < 2). The study concluded that improvements in service delivery depend not only on adopting integrated planning and participatory budgeting but also on the presence of strong internal controls that enhance governance and accountability. It recommended institutionalising cross-unit planning forums, implementing active monitoring and digital tracking systems, and upgrading internal audit functions to sustain public sector reforms. These findings contribute new, context-specific evidence to Nigerian public administration and offer actionable recommendations for policy and management practice.

Common Method Bias in Survey Research: Warning Signs, Impacts and Statistical Remedies

2026-06-05T13:29:19+00:00

Common Method Bias (CMB) is a measurement error that occurs when correlations among variables are inflated due to the use of the same data collection method rather than the actual relationships between the constructs. The current paper offers an in-depth examination of Common Method Bias (CMB), an important problem encountered in behavioural and social sciences. The paper begins by defining the concept of CMB and explaining its implications in empirical studies, particularly in survey-based research. It further identifies major red flags that indicate the possible presence of CMB in research design and data collection procedures. The study also discusses various sources of common method bias, including respondent-related factors, measurement context, item characteristics, and data collection methods. In addition, the paper examines the consequences of CMB, such as inflated relationships among variables, misleading statistical inferences, and reduced construct validity. To address these concerns, both procedural and statistical remedies are discussed in detail. Procedural remedies include questionnaire design improvements and temporal separation, while statistical remedies include Harman’s single-factor test, marker variable techniques, and common latent factor approaches. The research paper ends with a discussion section that emphasizes the importance of recognizing and handling CMB in order to maintain scientific validity in scholarly research. The paper also recommends that future empirical studies addressing the proposed framework incorporate procedural and statistical remedies to minimize common method bias and improve the validity of findings.

The Impact of ICT on Drivers’ Profitability and Efficiency in Abuja’s Transport Industry

2026-06-09T11:05:22+00:00

Transportation is essential for socio-economic development, and ICT innovations like GPS and ride-hailing apps (e.g., Uber and Bolt) have improved mobility by making transport faster, safer, more convenient, and efficient. This study empirically appraised The Impact of ICT on Drivers’ Profitability and Efficiency in Abuja’s Transport Industry. The aim of this study was to appraise how ICT has affected drivers’ earning, security, turnaround time and expenses in Abuja, Nigeria. Traditional taxis and ridesharing economy were looked at and Primary data was collected through the administration of questionnaires. From their record books, we got from Kwali (8), Abaji (2), Gwagwalada (23), Kuje (93), Bwari (144), and AMAC (6481) traditional taxi drivers. Binomial Logit regression was used to regress the data. The model specified profit as dependent variable while price on a fifteen-kilometer distance, weekly earnings, turnaround time, drivers tracking(security), fuel and maintenance are the independent variables. Two separate regressions were ran for ridesharing economy and conventional taxis. The Nagelkerke R-Squared result shows that our pseudo-R squared were both significant. The omnibus test also shows that data perfectly fit the models. The binomial Logit regression findings revealed that ICT has a significant negative impact on the taxi industry as it shares a similar market demand as taxis in Abuja. Second findings was that turnaround time has more impact on profit than price. Security is the third major reason why ridesharing is more profitable than conventional taxis. On the basis of the findings, our recommendation is conventional taxi drivers should embrace ICT i order to improve on security and reduce turnaround time so as to boost their profit margin. Ridesharing economy should also be regulated by the government in-terms of it pricing.

Mandatory Sustainability Reporting and Financial Tail-risk in Indonesia

2026-06-11T10:55:26+00:00

Background: Mandatory sustainability reporting under Indonesia’s OJK Regulation 51/2017 is expected to reduce information asymmetry through greater ESG transparency. However, evidence on its effectiveness in reducing financial risk among emerging-market financial firms remains mixed.

Aims: To examine whether mandatory sustainability reporting under Indonesia's OJK Regulation 51/2017 affects firm-level downside risk and systemic risk contributions, and whether the effect varies across financial subsectors and firm size.

Study Design: A quasi-experimental panel study exploiting the staggered adoption of mandatory sustainability reporting, using two-way fixed effects with firm-level clustered standard errors, an event study, and difference-in-differences robustness checks.

Place and Duration of Study: Ninety-eight financial firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the period 2015 to 2024, yielding a balanced panel of 980 firm-year observations.

Methodology: Risk is measured through Value at Risk, CoVaR, and delta CoVaR. The baseline two-way fixed effects specification is augmented with interaction terms and subsample regressions for banking and non-banking firms, a dynamic decomposition into short-run and long-run windows, and an event study constructed around the year of first adoption.

Results: The full-sample sustainability reporting effect is statistically insignificant, but significant heterogeneity emerges upon stratification. For banking firms, adoption increases measured risk across all three indicators, consistent with a risk revelation mechanism whereby mandatory disclosure surfaces previously hidden ESG exposures. Firm size further moderates this relationship, with larger firms exhibiting stronger effects. The event study confirms clean pre-treatment trends, and the results survive alternative standard errors, exclusion of illiquid observations, and dynamic decomposition into short-run and long-run windows.

Conclusion: Mandatory sustainability reporting operates through a transparency channel whose effects are conditional on subsector characteristics and firm capacity rather than through a uniform risk mitigation channel.

Determinant Factors of Investment in Property and Real Estate Companies on the IDX

2026-06-12T13:39:48+00:00

The property and real estate sector drives economic growth but is highly sensitive to economic changes, requiring companies to carefully manage internal factors and investment decisions to sustain business and enhance value. This study aims to analyze the effects of business risk, asset structure, and profitability on investment and to examine the role of debt as a moderating variable in companies in the property and real estate sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2022–2024. This is because previous studies have showed inconsistent results regarding the influence of corporate fundamental factors on investment, particularly in the property and real estate sector in Indonesia, and there remains a limited number of studies that include debt as a moderating variable. This study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the companies’ financial statements. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, resulting in a sample of 58 companies with a total of 155 units of analysis. The analysis method used is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the assistance of IBM SPSS 21. The results of the study show that business risk and asset structure do not affect investment, meanwhile profitability does affect investment. Furthermore, debt was found to moderate the effect of business risk on investment, but it was not able to moderate the effects of asset structure and profitability on investment. These findings support the Pecking Order Theory and the Trade-Off Theory, which explain that firms tend to prioritize internal financing in investment decisions but still utilize debt to maintain investment continuity when facing business risk. This study suggests that companies need to improve profitability and manage debt optimally to support investment decisions. However, since this study focuses solely on the property and real estate sector and has a short observation period, future research is advised to include macroeconomic variables and extend the study period to obtain more comprehensive results.

From Reactive Engagement to Predictive Intelligence: A Bibliometric Review of AI-Driven Moment Marketing

2026-05-23T12:00:30+00:00

Moment marketing is the technique of connecting with customers through contextually relevant, real-time touchpoints. Due to the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), moment marketing has been completely transformed. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of emerging trends in moment marketing publications generated by or utilising AI, published between 2015 and 2026, based on 352 articles retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer and Biblioshiny were applied to conduct a bibliometric analysis to identify trends in article publication, key contributors to the literature, the development of the intellectual structure of moment marketing research, and emerging research themes. The key findings indicated 41.35% annual growth rate, with China, the USA, and India as the top contributing countries. Sakas DP was found to be the highest publishing researcher, with 14 articles. Bradford’s Law highlighted 18 core journals with an R² value of 0.9566, whereas Lotka’s Law supported concentrated author contributions using a beta of 2.55. The keyword co-occurrence yielded six themes, with artificial intelligence, big data, and machine learning as the leading research areas. Four major theoretical clusters were identified in the co-citation analysis anchored by Dwivedi, Kannan, and Henseler. The insights gained from the study will help marketers leverage AI-powered prediction technologies and improve real-time consumer engagement practices. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this bibliometric study of the convergence between artificial intelligence and moment marketing in the Web of Science database provides an organised intellectual map for further interdisciplinary studies.